Marketing Spotlight Coca-cola Essay

1- What have been the key success factors for COCA-COLA? From the text, it seems that the key success factors are summarized by: Marketing: Coca-Cola is seen as one of the founding fathers of the modern day marketing model. They were among the pioneers of advertising techniques and styles used to capture an audience. Innovation: It was apparent that the market was changing and in order to keep up with these changes, Coca-Cola had to move from a single core product to a total beverage company. This was a major change because their past success was base on having one successful core product. Globalization: Technology is continually changing business, and these constant changes have been making it more feasible and profitable for businesses to expand their operations globally in order to serve all different types of diverse markets around the world, Coca-Cola is taking advantage of the large revenue opportunities made possible by participating in a global market and now offers products in 200 countries around the world. 2- Where is COCA-COLA vulnerable? What should they watch for? global brand strategy and local, it must think global but act local, now the effectiveness of TV ads is declining due to media fragmentation and use of devices like TIVO that let viewer zap commercials. Flight ads are that ad, which temporarily attracts the customers but doesn’t say much about core values of the company or the product. An ad should describe a brands personality and value driver, which drives the personality. Most of the recent ads just endorsed by celebrities don’t much explain about cokes value, in long run this may make people to forget what coke stand for. They should work to make values more fresh and relevant and study alternatives for communications strategies. They should find another ways to enter some countries that COCA-COLA doesn’t enter. 3- What recommendations would you make to their senior marketing executives going forward? What should they be sure to do with their marketing? Position it differently for example like refresher for a farmer/ who is doing hard work in farmland to penetrate deep into Bottom of the pyramid. Think global but act local. Flight ads are that ad, which temporarily attracts the customers but doesn’t say much about core values of the company or the product. An ad should describe a brands personality and value driver, which drives the personality.

United states syria intervention

Lebanon, Turkey, Iraq, Jordan and Israel. Syria has gained independence in 1930, but always had political problems. The civil war that sparked in 2011 and continued in 2012, the war completely devastated the country. More than 45,000 people were believed to be killed, most of them probably civilians. By the end of 2012 a thousands more were Injured. About 470,000 Syrian refugees were registered with the United Nations to give civilians access to countries Like Lebanon, Turkey, Iraq, and Jordan, while thousands of other people cross the border without registration.The united States government is practically bankrupt right now; the financial system is on the verge of a collapse. Ever since the military campaign â€Å"War on Terror† which started as a result of the September 11 attack. It was a military campaign to eliminate al-Qaeda. As of today this campaign Is still ongoing. From the beginning of the ‘War on Terror our national debt was under six billion dollars. Today I t has increased to 14. 3 trillion dollars. That's where the taxpayer moneys go. â€Å"Finally, there is also a strategic argument in favor of intervention.The U. S. Has o strategic interests in Syria, but it does have them in nearly all of Syrians neighbors. Turkey is a NATO ally. † – Kenneth M. Pollack. Pollack is stating that the U. S government really doesn't reason to intervene there because they don't have plans, they only wish to do an airstrips. History Intends to repeat Itself, This situation Is almost the same as the on Iraq. President Bush administered a â€Å"War on Terror†. President Bush believed that Iraq had biological weapons which proven to be false. Billions of taxpayer money has been wasted on the war.Moreover, United States also wanted to establish democracy n Iraq. Democracy wasn't around for long, instead riots started breaking out. Sunnis and Shiite militants attacked U. S troops. Then a civil war broke out between the Sunnis and the Shiit es. Violence after Violence, I can predict the same fate for Syria too. I am not the only one who is opposed against this, most of our fellow Americans are too is against this, and only nine percent of Americans believes that united States should take military actions against Syria. With support like that no wonder Obama backed out of this.Moreover, Syria poses no threat to us. So far no one has pointed out on how attacking Syria Is vital to the United States. The U. S military Job is to protect the security of United States, not to Intervene with other nations. Government. The United States don't seem to be seeking out Sad. There is clearly no goal here. The United States is left open for another war, wasting more of the taxpayer's money. All the taxpayers' money can be used in our education system, or our NASA program. The government needs to spend our money more wisely. I also believe it is unacceptable to encourage more war. As far as I'm concerned, ar always means failure† – Jacques Circa. War solves nothing, leaders must find peaceful way to resolve their issues, and therefore war only brings pain and violence to people's lives.

Marketing Concept Summary

Summary Definition of Marketing Marketing is not manipulating consumers to get them to buy products they do not want and it is not just selling and advertising. Marketing is a group of activities designed to expedite transactions by creating, distributing, pricing, and promoting goods, services, and ideas. Marketing facilitates the exchange, the act of giving up one thing in return for something else. The central focus of marketing is to satisfy needs. Example) People is willing to exchange their â€Å"something of value-money or credit-for soft drinks, football tickets, or new shoes because you consider those product more valuable or more important than holding on to your cash or credit potential. Functions of Marketing Marketing includes many varied and interrelated activities; buying, selling transporting, storing, grading, financing, marketing research, and risk taking. (Example) Fresh oranges are only available for a few months annually, but consumers demand juice throughout th e entire year.Seller must arrange for cold storage of orange juice concentrate so that they can maintain a steady supply all of the time. Creating Value with Marketing Marketing creates value, which is an important element of managing long-term customer relationships and implementing the marketing concept. Value is a customer’s subjective assessment of benefits relative to costs in determining the worth of a product. (Customer Value = Customer Benefits – Customer Costs) Also you can read this summary –  Protecting Freedom of Expression on the CampusThe Marketing conceptThe marketing concept is the idea that an organization should try to satisfy customers’ needs through coordinated activities that also allow it to achieve its goals. If a company does not implement the marketing concept by providing products that consumers need and want while achieving its own objectives, it will not survive. (Example) McDonald’s faces increasing pressure to provide more healthful fast-food choices. To keep pace with the customers’ needs, it has eliminated supersized fries and soft drinks and put nutritional information on its food packaging. It also switched to trans-fat-free cooking oils.Although customer satisfaction is the goal of the marketing concept, a business must also achieve its own objectives, such as boosting productivity, reducing costs, or achieving a percentage of a specific market. If it does not, it will not survive. (Ex ample) Dell sold computer for $50 and give customers a lifetime guarantee, which would be great for customers but not so great for Dell. To implement the marketing concept, a firm must have good information about what consumers want, adopt a consumer orientation, and coordinate its efforts through the entire organization. Developing a Marketing StrategyA marketing strategy is a plan of action for creating a marketing mix (product, price, distribution, promotion) for a specific target market (a specific group of consumers on whose needs and wants a company focuses its marketing efforts). Some firms use a total-market approach, designating everyone as the target market. Most firms divide the total market into segments of people who have relatively similar product needs. A company using a concentration approach develops one marketing stratagem for a single market segment, whereas a multi-segment approach aims marketing efforts at wo or more segments, developing a different marketing st ratagem for each. (Example of a total-market approach) Salt, sugar, and many agricultural products (Example of market segmentation) Woman, Hispanic, and minority population Key Points and Terms Marketing A group of activities designed to expedite transactions by creating, distributing, pricing, and promoting goods, services, and ideas. Exchange The act of giving up one thing (money, credit, labor, goods) in return for something else (goods, services, or ideas) ValueA customer’s subjective assessment of benefits relative to costs in determining the worth of a product. (Customer Value = Customer Benefits – Customer Costs) Marketing Concept The idea that an organization should try to satisfy customers’ needs through coordinated activities that also allow it to achieve its own goals. Marketing Orientation An approach requiring organizations to gather information about customer needs, share that information throughout the firm, and use that information to help build long-term relationships with customers.Marketing Strategy A plan of action for developing, pricing, distributing, and promoting products that meet the needs of specific customers. Market A group of people who have a need, purchasing power, and the desire and authority to spend money on goods, services, and ideas. Target Market A specific group of consumes on whose needs and wants a company focuses its marketing efforts. Total-Market Approach An approach whereby a form tries to appeal to everyone and assumes that all buyers have similar needs. Market SegmentationA strategy whereby a firm divides the total market into groups of people who have relatively similar product needs. Market Segment A collection of individuals, groups, or organizations who share one or more characteristics and thus have relatively similar product needs and desires. Concentration Approach A market segmentation approach whereby a company develops one marketing strategy for a single market segment. Multi-segment Approach A market segmentation approach whereby the marketer aims its efforts at two or more segments, developing a marketing strategy for each.

Introduction Business Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Introduction Business Law - Case Study Example Bahrain Consult is obliged to deliver the stated goods to Gulf Retailers premises and the person delivering the goods must confirm the receipt of purchase with the buyer. The contract provides an offer to buy or sell the goods fpor the acceptable price in relation to the offer given according to FOB terms. Bahrain Consult agreed to deliver the stated goods to Gulf Retailers according to the given specifications. Gulf retailers ordered for 300 tons of alluminium at a price of 500 Bahraini per ton. According to article 31 of the business contract law, the supplier is obliged to deliver the goods at the specified place, in the specified quantity and quality and in a timely manner. Article 35 also obliges the Bahrain to deliver the stated goods according to thequantity, quality,a nd other specified describtions. The law only applies if the quantity and time are fixed on the contract. Barhain Consult was bond by the contract that specified the specific goods and the specified quantity to be delivered between 11am and 3pm on Tuesdays. According to article 33, if the CIF contract states that the seller must deliver the goods before payments are made then the seller has no other obtion than to abide by the rule. Gulf Retailers agreed on the contract that Barhrain will recive a deposit of 250 Barhaini Dinars and the balance to be cleared upon arrival of goods. Both parties are bond by the contract and therefore, the buyer is obliged to collect the goods and pay for the balance as per the purchase price agreement. However, article 38 states that the seller has the authority to countercheck the goods with the purchase order before giving out the payments. It was agreed between thew two parties upon the delivery time and day. Article 34 of CIF act provides an obligation for the seller to deliver the goods at the time and place specified in the purchase order. Section II provides an obtion for the third-party to conform the goods and ensure they are delivered

Parts of the Business Need to be Strengthened by Raft Furniture Assignment - 19

Parts of the Business Need to be Strengthened by Raft Furniture Company - Assignment Example There are various factors that seem to be influencing the organizational culture of RAFT Company. Such factors include The influence of Quinn and his co-founder Heinz Frye, whose influence affect the performance of the business. The development and the size of RAFT company influence its organizational culture are it is a small business seeking to expand through franchising in order to expand. The attitude of the customers towards the products of the company. The furniture of RAFT Company is unique and different from other producers in the market and therefore, is dependent on the role of the market. The forest-friendly nature of RAFTs furniture attracts most of the customers. Most of the customers are moving towards green furniture and therefore, are a great source of motivation for consumers who want to protect the environment by buying furniture which has been produced from recycled wood. While it was a great motivation of buyers to buy furniture because of the way it looked, this motivation has changed as more buyers are inclined to buying furniture that seeks to conserve the environment by preventing logging of trees. This makes such buyers responsible for their environment by buying a green option. Furthermore, buying green products becomes a habit for buyers thereby increasing the purchase of green furniture. Buyers are also appealed to the furniture produced by RAFT as it is a way of celebrating imperfection in art. The use of recycled teak wood in making furniture which is also characterized by imperfections such as natural marks. This attribute of RAFT furniture makes it artistic thereby appealing to people with aesthetic appeal. According to Quinn, it is warts and all the attributes of recycled wood that makes it beautiful.

The Leadership at Food and Drug Administration Essay

The Leadership at Food and Drug Administration - Essay Example The FDA granted permission to Merck to market rofecoxib (Vioxx) and it generated more than $2.5 billion but surprisingly, the company withdrew the drug as a result of the excess risk of myocardial infarctions and strokes. The responsible people, in this case, did not take appropriate action to safeguard the health concerns of the people through several studies had shown that this drug has side effects in the people involved. Merck and the FDA reneged on their responsibilities to the public which can be regarded as unethical in their health care profession. Â  The traits of Merck, for instance, are oriented towards generating revenue at the expense of the health of the consumers of rofecoxib. He prioritizes commercial interests ahead of the public health concerns. This is shown by his audacity to spend more than $100 million per year in direct-to-consumer advertising. On the other hand, it can be noted that the FDA which could have stopped Merck from using direct-to-consumer advertising as a result of the fact that cardiovascular toxicity was real since it received considerable confirmation in multiple studies did not act decisively. The leadership at FDA and Merck share the responsibility of not taking appropriate action meant to safeguard the interests of public health.

The effectiveness of coaching Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

The effectiveness of coaching - Research Paper Example cooperative of all team-players need to learn how they can best benefit their team, and for that, there are coaches: A fatherly figure, a mentor, a team-motivator and an inspirational leader, all combined into one, all at the source of the integrity and unity of a team. Great coaches have been known to drive mediocre teams to blinding success and successful teams to record-breaking levels of it. But how do they manage to achieve this, and how important exactly is a coach for the team? This question is answered through the examples of some of the greatest coaches of our time. Consider for example, Vincent Thomas Lombardi, or Vince Lombardi as he is better known, who is best known for being coach to the Green Bay Packers during the 1960s. When Lombardi first stepped on to coach the team in 1958, the team was going through one of its worst spells in history. Lombardi found a dispirited, disheartened team who had almost no support from the angry Green Bay and community and who owing to its abysmal state was in dire financial conditions as well. When Lombardi accepted to coach the team, he taught the team the first lesson that any coach primarily teaches his team – that it was not the statistics that determined the success of a team, nor the players that ensured it; rather it was the abilities of the players, developed through training and perseverance, and the mind-frame behind those abilities that drove a team to victory or success. Through punishingly exhaustive training sessions and incredibly motivating coaching, Lombardi was able to drive the te am to a success point not achieved by perhaps any rookie coach in history. Lombardi made it a point to incorporate a religious aspect into his coaching, earning him the title of The Pope. After the Packers lost the first Championship game under Lombardis coaching, which was to be his first and only championship loss as coach for the team, Lombardi motivated his team and told them that it would indeed be the last of

Instruction on how to deliver a presentation about a formal proposal Coursework

Instruction on how to deliver a presentation about a formal proposal. List all steps - Coursework Example The mentors and mentees must be identified and paired with each other. The HR department should also decide on the number of participants who will take part in the project. After the identification of the participants, the guidelines will be discussed and the schedule of mentoring activities will be laid out. Furthermore, the timeline and duration of the program will be communicated. Subsequent to presenting the objectives and timeline of the program, the topics and activities that will be included will be discussed. The implementation strategies will be proposed. After acquainting the audience with the program, to further emphasize its importance, a brief discussion of the benefits that may be obtained from the mentoring activities will be conveyed. Experiences of other organizations with similar programs will be shared. Finally, the presentation will end by stating that a feedback mechanism must be employed to monitor the progress of the participants. Progress reports will be required during specified review periods (Miller, n.d.). Moreover, at the end of the presentation, it must be emphasized that there is no standard mentoring program. It should be tailored to the needs of the organization and the employees. It should be flexible enough to adapt to the needs of those involved in the

Describe and evaluate the accounts of depressive realism that can be Essay

Describe and evaluate the accounts of depressive realism that can be derived from associative and rule-based theories of learning and memory - Essay Example Associative theories of learning and memory maintain that a psychological process is involved in conditioning. Very much a behavioral account (similar to classical conditioning) and causal in nature, associative theories submit that people forge judgments based on their experience of the pairing of two stimuli and based on the strength of these associations. The delta rule can be used to explain this account of contingency and causality judgment. The cue precedes the second event, the outcome, in a consistent manner and if the outcome is consistently regular, associations are formed between cue and outcome so that the two become synthesized together. It is necessary, Price and Yates believe (1995), that the cue precedes the outcome for associative learning to be achieved, although others opine that, regardless of whether cue does or does not precede outcome, it is sufficient for participants to believe it as causal to the outcome for judgment to ensue. Models such as the expectancy-v alue model (Fishbein, 1963) and the association model (Bowers, 1986) are examples of associative accounts. The expectancy-value model argues that attitudes are a total sum of evaluative beliefs towards attitude objects, whilst Bower’s association model, although taking a cognitive stance, maintains that cognition and affect are linked through evaluative memory-based mental nodes that, via spreading activation, instigate perception. The stronger, or more intense the experience, the more instinctive and pronounced the bias. Rule-based theories on the other hand maintain that people arrive at contingency judgments by a sort of mental schema that encodes the events, categorizes them, and employs some mental logic to arrive at inferences and deductions. This it does by summing the frequency of events, and by employing a heuristic, referred to by Price and Yates (1995) as â€Å"blocking†, where perceivers

Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Literature - Essay Example The Story of an hour begins with a tone of anxiety when the family members express concern how to break the news to Mrs. Mallard, the main character. The reader is immediately transported into a state of anxiety and fear as he too is keen to know what the news to be broken to Mrs. Mallard is. When her sister breaks the news of the fatal accident that Mr. Mallard had met with, Mrs. Mallard bursts into tears. This is moment of ‘recognition’ as described by Aristotle, which did have the emotional effect both on the main character and the reader alike. Her reaction was different from other women of her times, which makes the moment more effective. The description of her state at learning the news creates mixed reactions in the reader. She sits motionless on the chair and then stares with a vacant look. The reader also wonders what is approaching her as she becomes powerless and whispers ‘free, free, free’. This moment is significant as it is filled with terror a nd emptiness and is successful in evoking the emotions in the reader. As the news sinks in, Mrs. Mallard seems to be elated at the thought that henceforth she would be free to do what she wants in life when the author describes, ‘she was drinking in a very elixir of life through that open window’. This is the moment of reversal because is something different from what the reader would expect from a woman who has just lost her husband. The moment of reversal comes when Mr. Mallard walks in totally unaware of what had taken place. This description too leaves the reader shocked as this was least expected. The first unexpected event is the walking in of Mr. Mallard, which itself is stunning. The second event is the moment of both recognition and reversal at the same time as Mrs. Mallard collapses on seeing her husband. The doctors declare that she died of a joy that kills. The reader wonders

POV’s and Traffic Tickets Essay Example for Free

POV’s and Traffic Tickets Essay There are quite a few soldiers in Oahu, Hawaii that own POV’s (Personally Owned Vehicles), but many do not know the risk behind owning such dangerous tools. Yes, a POV is typically used as a form of transportation, but more reckless behavior tends to be the trend among younger soldiers. Reckless behavior such as texting and driving, drinking and driving, eating and driving, sleeping and driving, not wearing seatbelts, but the most dangerous of these behaviors is racing or speeding. As described previously young soldiers tend to show many signs of reckless driving one of which was racing or speeding, but you may ask yourself why racing and speeding? What reason might soldiers, especially younger ones, have for racing or speeding? Well it is quite simple. Many young soldiers have not fully POV’s and Traffic Tickets

Porters Five Forces model Essay Example for Free

Porters Five Forces model Essay In the banking industry rivalry among its competitors is a pretty common game. A few larger banks always dominate larger markets offering more locations and faster paced technologies for those consumers. Usually in a these larger areas larger banks can thrive because the expectation level of personalization is much lower since consumers don’t feel the need to frequent a location or rely on individuals to help them. While as areas grow smaller in population Small Community banks emerge with a fewer number of larger entities to compete with these banking giants being able to offer a more personalized approach allowing people to rely more on human interacting with technology, not only relying on the technology. Most banks primary function is to lend money of the deposits they gain, so most generally the most competitive is incentives for consumers to keep money on deposit and lower rate loans for consumers to take out. The potential for new competitors is not so common that it happens frequently but in today’s market groups of individuals with large resources who are frustrated with too much structure and to high of fee structures from larger institutions have formed smaller banks or credit unions to supply a need for better priced products, with hopefully a more home town approach with dealing with its customer base. Most markets are set competition mainly coming from outside banks wanting to tap into growing areas to capitalize on possible wealth of clients in that area or high traffic spots that business in that area have attracted. Other areas of new competition doesn’t come directly from a â€Å"NEW† bank but a bank buying out certain branches or absorbing the institution as a whole. This usually changes the dynamic that that competitor usually giving them more resources to utilize and make them more of a competitive force in the banking industry. Sometimes this can also work opposite and help out other banks in the area. If the â€Å"NEW† bank has processes or other items that are not favorable to the community they are in, that company could by an asset to lose it down the road when the client moves business due to not liking the new bank they are at.

Total Reward Approach to Reward Management

Total Reward Approach to Reward Management Every human being relationship blooms in the light of reward. As the world is going through a serious phase of recession, the amount which is paid to the employees and the form of payment done is therefore the issue that matters. The importance of Rewards is increasing in the world of commercial organisation and is definitely one of the major indicators of profitability and competitive advantages. One of the biggest determinants of rewards lies in the financial position of a particular organisation. The organisations are in constant pressure of producing reward schemes which accumulate all the factors from attraction to motivation of their employees, simultaneously while maintaining the viability of the companys financial and commercial scenario. Absence of reward schemes may have a devastating effect on the organisations performance. The concept of Total Reward has been evolving ever since, Management today is trying to widen up the meaning of the word Reward including both tangible and intangible aspects of rewarding their employees, (Armstrong and Brown,1999). On one side the tangible rewards ensure financial stability of the employee while on the other side the intangible rewards looks after the employees luxuries and compensates for future loss. Now a days managers and scholars are using Total Reward Management more and more as the modern management method According to the Human resources management Total Reward strategy needs to b examined and experienced often to obtain perfect and efficient results. This strategy guarantees a remarkable profit for the organization improving the staffs performance as well as contains the potential to solve and compensate the existing issues in the organization. Rewarding employees in any organization can affect attitudes, behaviour and motivation. Influence on the behaviour of workers seems to be particularly important, it will tend to extra effort if an employee knows that his achievements, work, creativity etc. will be measured, evaluated and rewarded accordingly. The increasing efforts of the employees will result into the companys increasing profitability and better customer service. It must mobilize the growing individual and collaborative involvement of all employees. Literature review: Today organizations are looking forward to increase their employees efforts by encouraging them to improve their performance beyond the organisations expectations and reducing labour cost to a minimum. Thus the study of employee motivation has constantly remained a managerial concern. This essay considers some of the main views of the organisations adopting a total reward approach to reward management. While answering such questions as what do you mean by total reward? How it is benefits the employees as well as the company? How does it motivate the employees? How is it monetarily profitable for the company? Etc. Reward management is concerned with the formulation and implementation of strategies and policies that aim to reward people fairly, equitably and consistently in accordance with their value to the organisation. It deals with the design, implementation and maintenance of reward processes and practices that are geared to the improvement of organizational, team and individual performance (Armstrong and Murlis 2006). If the organisation has a fairly distributed reward management then it not only progresses the company but also enhances employees skills and performance. Hence the organisation is under tremendous pressure of having a non bias reward distribution so as to avoid any chaos within the organisation. The reward management literature emphasizes the need to shift from short-term, ad hoc approaches to pay management to a longer-term, strategic approach. Changes in pay and benefits systems have therefore been prescribed as key HRM objectives, pulled together in the US literature under the rubric of the new pay (Lawler, 1995) It is therefore a major managerial concern about how they approach to the concept of total reward. Each organisation can have different criteria about elements that constitute total rewards. Paul Thompson (2001), further gives an elaborated definition of total reward by emphasises it not only encompasses rational scientific elements like wages, changeable pay and profits, but also more intangible non money related elements such as scope to attain and implement responsibility, career opportunity, education and development, the inherent motivation delivered by the work itself and the quality of working life provided by the organization. Essentially, the notion of total reward says that there is more to rewarding people than throwing money at them. Planning a long term reward holds the employee and motivates them to enhance their performance for better customer satisfaction. As Murlis and Watson (2001) refer to the importance of monetary values in designing a reward package but also about these not being the sole factors. She describes cash as being a weak tactic in the overall reward strategy and stresses that total reward policy should be based on building a much better understanding of what the employees expect in their rewards packages. Relationship between the organisation and the employees can be strengthened with the total reward approach. Therefore we need to see a very integrated and holistic approach while considering all aspects of rewards (Armstrong and Murlis, 2006) Hence it is essential to have a coherent reward strategy which helps to create a work experience that meets the needs of employees and encourages them to contribute extra effort, by developing a deal that addresses a broad range of issues and by spending reward dollars where they will be most effective in addressing workers shifting values. ONeal (1998). CIPD reward faculty members Wright and Murlis have created a significant diagram to present visually the various types of total reward. Its definition incorporates a wide range of approach but it is not the only solution for employee energetic. The idea of reward exchange is emphasized although quite frequently left out in the area at work definition. In combination unique and common motivation methods are provided to employees in exchange accordingly for their effort, results, work time, creativity, talent etc. There are five main key elements to keep secure and retain talented workers and also to motivate them optimally to accomplish possibly best business results (Davis, 2007:4). The key points stated by CIPD (2005) in the world at works total rewards: Compensation, Benefits, Work life, Performance, Development and career opportunities. Manas and Graham (2003) emphasize that developing and implementing a total reward approach has much in common with reward strategy development. According to Purcell (2004) and colleagues the organisation can contribute by communicating the values, giving employees a voice, setting up improved performance management processes, instituting formal recognition schemes and taking steps to improve work/life balance. Decisions such as giving voice to the employees by an organisation leads to the delegation of some powers to them regarding their respective expectation about rewards which helps the management in developing appropriate strategies. Developing and implementing a total reward approach may be difficult but the benefits are considerable. The employment relationship created by a total reward approach, which makes the maximum use of relational as well as transactional rewards, will appeal more to and engage individuals involving people in their own reward package design, dives them strong messages about the organisation and its values. At its best, it builds relationship capital. Pfeffer (1998) implicated a new idea to total reward approach in a powerful manner, Employees are able to use their skills in an effective and efficient way with interest and motivation in an enjoyable, challenging and empowered work environment, for which they should be shown appropriate appreciation by the organisation. This scenario creates such an environment for the employees, by which they got motivated and enhance their performance thereby proving beneficial for the company, but it would be less time consuming and simple to reward the employees monetarily then to plan and arrange intangible rewards. Case Study: Total Reward Statement as a document is created annually for every working member of the company on a regular basis. This document allows the employees to receive all the details regarding their benefits that have been received over the course of the year. As total rewards deals with tangible and non-tangible benefits it informs the employees about the salary drawn by them as well as a breakdown of all the other non-tangible profits that have been taken in exchange for their employment. Presenting the reward to the employee in cash terms proves to be very beneficial for the company as well as the employee. For example: if an employee has received shares. The reward statement shows the value of the shares and might as well show their trading history since the issue of the previous statement. There are many companies which have been adopting total reward strategies in the last few years and gaining benefits and improving their labour power. This paper shows a few companies dealing in different products and implementing total reward strategy. Beginning with one of Europes leading telecommunication services BT COMMUNICATIONS. The new reward framework is one of the biggest change initiatives in BTs history, covering more than 40,000 employees in total.(e-reward.co.uk research report, no. 35, July 2005). The idea of transforming its reward strategy from fairly traditional multi-grade pay structure to a total reward system was BTs essential Organizational Program.One area of focus in the new strategic HR agenda was to look at reward and address BTs Paternalistic approach to reward Says Kevin Brandy, HR Director Reward. (e-reward.co.uk, no. 35, July 2005). As the management of BT states, the alleged reasons for switching from the previous reward arrangement was to develop the changed view of the BT peoples regarding rewards. The organisation wasted Millions of pound annually on rewards because of the limitations of the employees in view of companys bonuses. Taking into consideration, the limitation of the earlier adopted reward strategy bounded employees to appreciate their benefits as well as lack understanding and awareness capabilities. By implicating the new reward framework BT affect 250-plus market based roles in 18 job families. BTs strategy is basically based on the role and performance of the employees. As on the other hand, benefits and bonuses given are based on the external market. Giving total reward an broader offer BT has tried to renovate the reward strategy, by going beyond the standard remuneration of the base pay including bonuses. For BT, total reward is not just an ordinary reward strategy used for paying wages to the employees. Its about bonus and benefits, such as company cars and health insurance, shares and pensions, role-based reward, performance-based pay and choice and flexibility in benefits provision. Henceforth three main elements of the reward package influence BTs new total reward approach: Base Salary, Bonus, Benefits (Armstrong and Thompson, 1999). STARBUCKS being one of the worlds largest speciality coffee retailer having 1300 store worldwide, hire around 200 people per day and grow US revenues by 25 to 30 percent on top of US$4.1 billion in revenues from the previous fiscal year. According to Chet Kuchinad, SVP of Total Pay We build the Starbucks experience by delivering pay elements to our partners that drive financial rewards in the success of the company in a meaningful way. In order to strengthen and constrain the culture of Starbucks, innovative reward strategy and payment programs have been introduced. Full- and part-time partners (who meet eligibility criteria) are offered health, dental, and vision insurance, as well as access to an employee assistance program (EAP), reimbursement accounts, short- and long-term disability, and Working Solutions, Inc. (a resource and referral service) to help manage work and family issues (Wilson group.com, case study on Starbucks).The employees receiving the rewards greatly appreciate and value the reward and, as a result, provide a better a service to the customers. According to Starbucks, total reward has played a very important role in benefitting the company but there are many other factors in human resources which affect the companys stability. Examples include employee education, an open n highly communicative environment and a unique program adopted by Starbucks called Mission Review, which is a part of a broader program called Partner Snapshot. Partner Snapshot deals with gaining feedback from the companys partners. However the functions of human resources in Starbucks continue. Rewards and profits were considered by the introduction of total reward that included additional health benefits, maturation of healthcare delivery, and coverage for same sex partners, and an employee assistance program. However, pay alone will not attract people. Our Total Pay philosophy and our culture of teamwork and community are all key parts of why people join and stay with Starbucks. (Starbucks) The next case study deals with Audit, Consulting, Financial advisory, Risk management and Tax services. DELOITTE also known as Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited (DDTL), is a UK private company limited by guarantee. Mark Carman, sales and marketing director of Motivano, Deloitte says Total reward can b a win-win from the perspective of en employee as the reassurance and support available from knowing exactly what your salary and benefits package is worth can have a huge impact on their performance, engagement and motivation. With the rising value of rewards and benefits the company proprietor are using total reward to improve and support their affiliation with employees. Deloitte explains five main steps in creating effective total reward communication: Create clear and concise messages. Think about brand and design. Check the accuracy of your data. Consider security of your personal information. Work with other internal experts. BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB is a US-owned pharmaceuticals company. Bristol-Mayers Squibb was going through a mystification of employees regarding reward strategies. As compared to the external competitive market the company was not able to reward the employees, employees were lacking the understanding of the reward which they received and there was an awareness that the wages and the benefits given to them were not as fine as the competitive market offered. Transformation to a flexible reward strategy was very necessary for Bristol-Mayers Squibb which supports the recruitment and maintenance, bringing all the strategies together Bristol introduced the total reward strategy. Portraying everything as work experience, Bristol-Mayers Squibb kept the usual peculiarity between rewards and remuneration. As a result the company received employees which consists appreciation, work-life balance, civilization, employee development and the working environment HENNES MAURITZ (HM) is a 100 billion SEK company, Engaged in designing and retailing of fashion apparel and accessories. Hennes Mauritz appears to provide a total reward framework, with greater emphasis on relational rewards even though transactional rewards are provided (Armstrong (2006), pp.639-631). Hennes Mauritz reward strategy includes many other human resources area like organizational traditions, conscription or selection etc. Implementing total reward management was a very successful concept in the history of Hennes Mauritz. The increasing sales are the evidence of the profitability of HM business as the employees are motivated with job satisfaction as a reward and perform their job as well as contribute their best to ensure customer satisfaction. This case study acknowledges about the companies adopting total rewards from a long period of time and improving their business skills. Though there are some disadvantages to this approach. Starting with the employees, they find it very difficult to understand and expensive to set up as well as complicated to maintain. Although the advanced technology is helping organization to reduce burden as well as reduce cost. The vast range of choices may create a problem both to the company and the workers. There might also be wastage as the employees may not appreciate the full reward package. Conclusion: The reward approach not only takes care of the financial security of the employees but also looks after the overall development of their employees in the society. Its a delicate matter that should be perfectly balanced especially when the organization is rewarding different people working in one team. The advantages of total reward approach are substantial, but developing and putting it into practice may be a difficult task, by the use of relational and transactional rewards the employment relationships created by total rewards approach can be maximised. The total reward approach creates a strong communication about the organisation and its values by satisfying the employees and engaging them in their own designed reward package. At its best, it builds relationship capital.

Why Planning Is Necessary. :: essays research papers

Adding a Town Planner to Your Staff Planning in any town is an important part of the growth, development and sustainability of the citizens and businesses in that town. I believe that your town council could greatly benefit from adding a planner to your staff. Planning suggests a systematic attempt to shape the future. It attempts to link scientific and technical knowledge to actions in the public domain, and processes of societal guidance and of social transformation. Planning entails making decisions and informing actions in ways that are socially rational. Planning serves a public or general purpose, such as ensuring the stability and growth of the economy; undertaking selected public investments and, in the absence of private sector interest, inducing desired actions on part of the private sector through various forms of subsidy; restraining private sector actions to safeguard the well-being of the population at large; redistributing income on grounds of equity; protecting individuals and businesses against the uncertainties of the market; and so forth. The planning process must continuously pursue and faithfully serve the public interest. Why is planning necessary? 1. To guide the overall economic stability and growth in a community - achieve a sensible and attractive land-use pattern - preserving or improving that which all ready exists - encourage economic development 2. To provide public services to meet the general needs of the community - location of public facilities - make sure that all are served with adequate toads, water, and sewer facilities - protect the general public health; minimizing threats to human health and life 3. To protect the environment - guide and manage development to minimize environmental damage - acquiring or developing land for parks or open space; achieving aesthetic and recreational goals - preserving resources for future use - saving nonrenewable energy sources The Origins of Planning Before the American Revolution municipalities appointed strong powers to control land use, thus shaping their own forms of â€Å"planning.† These powers came out of a European tradition that treated the town or village as an independent corporation, which might own, control, or dispose of most of the land within its boundaries. Many U.S. communities started as grants to individuals or groups, which then, by virtue of the grant, had the power to dispose of land within their borders. Thus colonial towns had formidable powers to shape their pattern of development. Quite obviously, the Revolution ended the practice of creating municipalities through the mechanism of royal grants to individuals. More important, it placed the bulk of political power in the hands of the states.

ford motor company :: essays research papers

FORD and e-STEEL Enter Into Multi-Year e-Commerce Agreement Automotive Leader to Use Leading Online Steel Exchange to e-Enable Major Web-based, Global Value Chain Purchasing Initiative Dearborn, Mich., and New York, NY — Business Wire — May 17, 2000 — Ford Motor Company (NYSE: F), and e-STEEL Corporation, the leading negotiation-based e-Commerce exchange for the global steel industry, today announced an initiative to e-enable complex procurement programs with the automaker's global Tier 1 suppliers. This relationship includes an equity incentive program that will earn the carmaker a minority equity stake in e-STEEL. Ford selected e-STEEL (www.e-steel.com) to provide the steel-specific knowledge and functionality required to rapidly launch a steel e-Commerce procurement system to maximize efficiency and operational savings. Approximately 4-5 million tons of steel and steel-related products will be purchased via e-STEEL for metal stamping suppliers over the course of this contract. The scope of the alliance covers the automaker's steel order fulfillment processing, claims, financial controls, and audit reporting throughout its global manufacturing and assembly operations. "Ford Motor Company has confidence in e-STEEL's ability to deliver this Internet-based solution across its entire Tier 1 steel and metal stamping value chain, both in North America and Europe, within the next few months," said Andrew Hinkly, Director, Raw Material Purchasing, Ford Motor Company. "We selected e-STEEL as our partner due to their expertise in steel procurement systems, their efficient e-business tools such as STEELDIRECTâ„ ¢, and their existing broad coverage of our steel supply base," added Hinkly. "These inherent strengths, and their results-driven management team, will lead to a successful implementation of this program." "The mutual focus of the Ford/e-STEEL alliance is that value is job 1, " said e-STEEL Founder, Chairman, and CEO Michael S. Levin. "Our ValueTrackâ„ ¢ process and speed-to-solutions approach will accelerate Ford and its suppliers' ability to realize substantial operational savings from this program. We are thrilled that Ford Motor Company, which is one of the most innovative global companies, selected e-STEEL for this important initiative." TOP The automaker expects the members of its steel supply chain to realize cost benefits from efficiencies gained by participating in this program. Ford anticipates the volumes of steel transacted through the program to grow significantly during the next 12 months. At present, the Ford/e-STEEL alliance is limited in scope to this program for Ford's purchases, and the millions of tons of steel products a year. In addition to this alliance, e-STEEL recently announced that it also secured strong strategic alliances with three of Ford's major steel suppliers, and recent Ford World Excellence Award winners, U.

The Role of the Church in the Renaissance Essay example -- Art History

The Christian Church was absolutely instrumental in the art of the Renaissance. It was the driving force behind every inspiration; without the Church, there would have been no art. The Church was the only institution powerful enough to be able to support the commissions of all of the artwork, and it was the only institution, in which people had enough faith and devotion to spend so much of their time and money creating pieces that—although beautiful—were not necessities. The role of religion in art actually began during the Byzantine era. During this time, all artwork was religious in nature, and most of it was done in a consistently similar style so that figures from the Bible could be easily recognized by everyone and so that people had a consistent view of religious matters. Art during this time was largely iconic, meant to inspire the awe of God in the viewer. Along with various versions of the crucifix, one of the most popular images of the Byzantine style wa s The Pantokrator, an image of Jesus Christ as shown from above. An example of one of these pieces was done in the twelfth century in the abbey church of Monreale in the city of Palermo. Jesus is a monumental figure that takes up much of the space across the apse of the Church. One of his hands forms a mudra as the other holds the scripture. His fully frontal and direct stance along with the glimmering gold background serves to strike awe and fear into the viewer. Clearly this piece was done with the intent to impress the value and mightiness of religion first and attention to the detail and technique of the art second. This emphasis on religion continued deep into the Renaissance, as the Church was one of the few organizations that could fund such massive un... ...udgment in the afterlife. Giotto’s Arena Chapel, Duccio’s Maestà  , and Masaccio’s Trinity are only a few examples of the Church’s overarching influence on Renaissance art. Without the Church, there would have been no art. It was the increasing popularity of the Church with new orders of monks in the 1200s that created a greater need for religious images, and with more production of art, the style began to change. Religion was such an integral part of Renaissance culture that it makes sense that it would be the focus of its creativity. Works Cited Adams, Laurie Schneider. Italian Renaissance Art, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2001. Shearmann, John. Only Connect†¦ Art and the Spectator in the Italian Renaisssance, Washington, D.C.: Princeton University Press, 1992. Welch, Evelyn. Art and Society in Italy 1350-1500, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.

12 Principles

There are 12 basic principles to Information Security. The first principle is that there is no such thing as absolute security. What this means is that with the correct tolls, skills and time anyone can hack into a system. The second principle are the three security goals, which are C. I. A; Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability. What this means is that everyone must consider what data they want to be protected.It also means that one must be sure as to whom they want to access this information and when they should access this information. The third principle is when a company is protecting their data with armed guards, cameras, safes and secured passwords. This principle is called Defense In Depth. The fourth principle is when people are left alone they tend to make the worst decisions. Function and Requirements is the fifth principle for information security.Function details what the system should be doing and the assurance requirements describe how the functions should be imp lemented. The following two questions should be asked when this principle comes into play; does the system do the right thing? Does the system do the right things and in the right way. The sixth principle is that Security through Obscurity is Not an Answer. This principle simply means that if you believe that hiding information can prevent hackers from hacking into your system then you are mistaken.By misleading anyone into a sense of false security is more detrimental than anything. Risk Management is the seventh principle. Its’ simple to understand this principle, what is the consequence of this loss and would this loss occur again. The eight principles are preventative, detective and responsive controls. Take the steps to detect the threat, prevent it and lastly respond while the threat is occurring or after. What this means is that it will detect the threat, try to prevent the threat from happening.Complexity is The Enemy of Security is the ninth principle, this means tha t the more interfacing with programs the more difficult it becomes to protect the data. The tenth principle is that fear, uncertainty and doubt do not when trying to use scare tactics when selling products for security. No one will by products if they feel they are extremely scared. Now a days companies want to know what they are purchasing and why they should be so fearful. The eleventh principle is that people, process, and technology are all needed to adequately secure a system or facility.This means that in order for everything to work correctly we should not base all operation solely off of technology but on the people in takes to run and process the information. This process helps to ensure that everything runs smoothly. The last principle is Open disclosures of Vulnerabilities is Good for Security, which means that by letting everyone know what can be hacked into can let the companies know what measures need to be taken to ensure that it does not happen again. If it were clos ed off to the world then problems that arise would never be fixed or maintained.

Using Celebrities in an Ad Campaign Is a Poor Way to Stimulate Brand Appeal

Using celebrities in an ad campaign is a poor way to stimulate brand appeal Using celebrities as brand ambassadors has become very popular and is one of the more common communication strategies employed by companies today in order to market their products. Marketers pay millions of dollars to celebrities in the hope that their star magic would make the product more appealing and successful. But all celebrities glitter is not gold. There are many reasons as to why using celebrities in an ad campaign can turn into an ugly affair, sometimes enhancing attitude change towards the product altogether. In this report, I will list the disadvantages of using celebrities in ads and the reasons behind why they are a poor way to stimulate brand appeal. 1) Price It is very expensive for companies to hire a celebrity as its brand ambassador. It is important for companies to note that when they do decide to take the brand ambassador route, they should be willing to shell out millions of dollars, and sometimes even lose it. Nike signed Tiger Woods on a 5 year $ 125 million contract, Reebok signed Venus Williams for $40 million and more recently, Pepsi teamed up with Shaquille O'Neal for a reported $25 million. For big companies such as Nike, Reebok and Pepsi, the financial implications of the deals involved would probably not affect them as much as smaller ones. With this in mind, it is also important to note that consumers today are becoming more advertising savvy. They read about the multi-million dollar deals as well. This leads to more consumers asking, â€Å"Are we buying the product, or the celebrity? † 2) ‘Vampire Effect’ A common marketing term, this refers to the point where the celebrity in question overshadows the brand itself. Marketers face this problem when they pick an extremely popular star, and the audience’s attention is drawn to the celebrity rather than the product. A very popular example of this scenario occurred when Cable Association used Dawn French. They soon had to abort their entire campaign when she got in the way of effect communication. 3) Credibility & Inconsistency One of the main reasons as to why using celebrities in an ad campaign is poor for brand appeal occurs when the personal credibility of the celebrity involved drops. This has occurred several times over the past couple of years. When Kate Moss, a well known model, was pictured snorting cocaine, three of her sponsors immediately pulled out. After all, imagine how a mother who has lost her daughter to drugs would relate to the brand. Another example was when Kobe Bryant, a leading basketball star, was accused of rape in 2003. His celebrity brand partners, Nutella and McDonald's, chose not to renew contracts with Bryant, even though he was subsequently acquitted of all charges. Many companies also resort to sports starts when choosing a celebrity. While the personal credibility of the sportsman remains intact, his performances in the arena may sometimes suffer lapses. A famous example of this occurred when Sachin Tendulkar, one of the best cricketers in the world, went through a prolonged lean patch. This lead to Pepsi dropping him as its celebrity face and they instead opted for a younger generation of cricketers instead. The credibility of the celebrity involved is vital because when the company decides to use one, they are not only buying a channel via which they intend to sell their product, but also an image. 4) Multi-Brand Endorsement At the end of the day, when a celebrity decides to endorse a product, it does not guarantee that they are actually using the product itself. More likely than not, they are endorsing the product purely for the monetary benefits, and this might sometimes lead to complications, especially when one celebrity appears in many ads in a short span of time. Take for example, MRF (tyre company), one of the early sponsors of Sachin Tendulkar. With its logo embezzled on his bat, the partnership between celebrity and brand was strong. Consumers could relate to the star, and in turn, the product. Today, however, Tendulkar endorses a mirage of products, and the novelty of the original partnership has died down significantly. Consumes are often left disillusioned and are sometimes forced to ask the question, â€Å"If the endorser can’t stick to one product, why should I? † . Celebrity overexposure can often undermine the authenticity of the message. Another form of multi-brand endorsement might occur when the celebrity endorses one brand but is publically seen using a competitor’s. For example, when Britney Spears was pictured drinking Coca-Cola (pictured left), while employed as the face of Pepsi. Or when David Beckham shaved his head soon after becoming the face of Brylcreem. Consumers notice this and often realize that celebrities need not have any relation to the product itself, and hence the entire essence of using celebrities in ads is questioned. 5) Marketing Mismatch When celebrities are used in ad campaigns, they display a certain special persona for the audience. The entire point is that they are able to influence the thought process of the consumer and create a positive perception of the brand. An approving nod from a famous actor or sportsman can directly lead to a 1000 more sales. With this in mind, it is paramount that companies use celebrities who they know can relate to and sell their product. Take a bad example, pictured right, of Ronaldhino (football legend), selling Konica Minolta printers. Not only did the picture lead to consumers questioning the connection between celebrity and brand, but also put the brand in bad light. In conclusion, while the use of celebrities can sometimes prove beneficial, especially to the profitability of a relatively unknown product, there are several points that need to be taken into consideration. Marketers, especially in today’s cluttered media environment, resort to celebrities if they lack an original idea, or want to take the ‘easy way out’. Consumers too are becoming aware of this and are starting to notice the fact that celebrities need not necessarily support their brands. Furthermore, celebrity endorsements cannot change the entire thinking process of the consumers, and as such, does not justify the high cost involved either. References Pictures: 1) http://hollywoodsnark. com/wp-content/uploads/2007/03/pepsi_girl_britney_spears_drinking_coke_2. jpg 2) http://rawstylus. wordpress. om/2008/02/12/596/ Text: 1) http://www. hollywoodreporter. com/hr/search/article_display. jsp? vnu_content_id=2030984 – Article on ‘Celebrity Branding- Making the brand’ 2) http://www. rediff. com/money/2003/dec/05guest. htm Article on ‘Is celebrity advertising effective’. 3) http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Celebrity_branding 4) http://www. b randrepublic. com/Industry/Entertainment/News/235197/When-celebrity-brand-partners-go-bad/ Article on – ‘When celebrity brand partners go bad’ lifestyle. in. msn. com/fashion/article. aspx? cp-documentid=1671484 ‘Celebrity endorsements enhances brand appeal’

Keeping Pets

The disadvantages of keeping prairie dogs as pets far outweigh the advantages. But the cuteness factor of these unique creatures keep the pet trade moving along with more and more people wanting prairie dogs as pets. Before you take on one of these animals into your care, you should weigh all of the factors of ownership so there will be no surprises once the prairie dog is in your home. Advantages Without a doubt, the cuteness and uniqueness factors of the prairie dog are what interest people the most.Not very many people have prairie dogs so some individuals might get the thrill of having the only prairie dog or dogs in the neighborhood. Their sweet faces and rounded bodies are adorable which attract many to wanting to own one of these animals. Their compact size also means they don't take up a lot of space unlike larger animals such as dogs. Besides their constant need for companionship, care for the prairie dog is minimal. They require a clean cage, food and water, and toys for pl ay and exercise. They can be litter box trained and can be fed a high-quality rabbit pellet along with other vegetation.Disadvantages Some prairie dogs do adapt to captivity but not very often. They can become friendly and sociable with humans but when they don't bond with their owner, they can become stressed and bite. Because these are social creatures, they require a lot of attention from their owner. When left alone, prairie dogs can become depressed leading to behavioral problems. When prairie dogs are handled properly when young, they can socialize and become unique pets. However, many of these animals have been taken from their wild habitat and do not adjust to captivity.This causes many behavior issues such as depression and biting. Because prairie dogs chew, they can escape many types of cages and when loose in the house, they can cause quite a bit of damage. Prairie dogs can also carry diseases. An outbreak of monkeypox was noted in pet prairie dogs in 2003. Plague can als o be transmitted to humans through prairie dogs. The chance of this occurring is low however; cases of human plague have been reported to the CDC as a result of contact with prairie dogs. Finding a veterinarian that is knowledgeable with these animals can be difficult.If an owner is faced with a sick prairie dog, they may not have anyone who can diagnose the problem until it is too late. One of the biggest disadvantages of owning prairie dogs is the legality issue. Following the reported cases of monkeypox in 2003, laws were specifically made to ban the capture of wild prairie dogs and restrict the travel of existing captive prairie dogs. The new laws have made it illegal to move prairie dogs from one state to another or even within a state. Some states have made it illegal to own these animals. If you are planning on relocating, you have to receive special permission to do so.The law does allow owners to transport prairie dogs only in the case of seeking veterinary care or movement to a shelter to be euthanized. Overall, prairie dogs are not the best choices for pets. They should not be owned by someone who does not have the time to devote to their care and more importantly, they should not be purchased for children. The numbers of prairie dogs in the wild have steadily been declining in recent years. Many believe that should the promotion of prairie dogs as pets continue, their future could end up like the black-footed ferret – an animal which has reached near extinction in the wild.

Early Years Foundation Stage Essay

1. What are the four stages of the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) framework? The EYFS is a frame work setting standards that cover the care, development, learning of children from birth to the age of five. It was first established under the Childcare Act 2006. The new framework will come into force 1st Sept 1014, until then the current EYFS 2012 is statutory. There are four specific areas of the EYFS which are: A unique child, positive relationships, enabling environments and learning and development. These provide guidance on best practices and procedures and the framework is applicable to for all environments that support children from birth to 5. Some of these would be, maintained schools, non maintained school, independent schools, child minders, pre schools and nurseries. Exceptions to these would be if a child had a nanny, or parent toddler groups (where the parent is expected to stay with the child.) Within these four specific areas there are also 7 areas of learning and development. Children should mostly develop the 3 prime areas first. These are: Communication and language, physical development and personal and social and emotional development. As children grow these prime areas will help them to develop skills in 4 specific areas which are Literacy, Mathematics, Understanding of the world and expressive arts and design. Each of these stages (or steps) have guidance (goals) as to where the child should be at regarding their age and stage. These stages are fairly flexible allowing staff/parents to be able to monitor the progress of the child whilst maintaining and keeping in with the Childs own unique interests and needs. 1.The Unique Child Babies and children develop at different rates and ages. However all babies must develop skill 1 before they develop skill 2 and so on, an example would be a baby must first learn to crawl (in some form) before it will walk, or learn to make sounds before it talks. Links from body to brain are essential in early child development. Children are vulnerable and without love, care and nurture from parents and carers will not develop the necessary skills, emotions and resilience of a child who had this care and nurture. These early relationships with parents/carers are essential and can strongly influence how children develop socially and emotionally. Children develop communication skills at a very early stage. Babies learn to  cry, and this is the earliest form of communication, babies communicate through facial expression, they learn to smile by watching their parents /carers, learning through having frequent enjoyable contact. Making â€Å"baby,† noises, gurgling through to laughing. Babies and children also learn and develop through play helping to develop their physical, social and emotional, communication and cognitive skills. Recognizing that all people (Adults, babies and children,) have rights and must be treated fairly. This is irrespective of age, sex, ethnicity, race, wealth, disability etc. All children have an equal right to be listened to and valued within any child setting. It is important that all children receive the same amount of care and support within the setting to ensure their overall development. It is important to assess the needs of each individual child to ensure that the individual child can r each their full potential. All babies are vulnerable and rely on adults to keep them safe. To feel safe and secure in a childcare setting is paramount. Younger children can begin to learn about keeping themselves safe through conversations, poems and stories. This help to keep children resilient. It is also important that we teach children boundaries. Children will continue to test these boundaries, but though nurturing children and explaining rules and consequences as a positive constant, children feel safe and secure in their environments. They begin to learn what is acceptable and not acceptable in their various environments and the difference of right and wrong., This is also imperative when it comes to children making choices and assessing their own risk, helping to develop their physical and physiological well being. Children’s health and well being are effected by their genes and the environment in which they are brought up in. Children who have their emotional and physical needs and wants met in an accepting, loving and understanding environment are children whom develop confidence, are resilient and self assured. Children gain a sense of well being, it helps with social skills – they are able to make friends, communicate themselves in a self assured way, share and enjoy life. Teaching healthy eating habits, maintaining the children’s interest in the health of their own bodies, role modeling this and showing posters of healthy food and fruit are ways of promoting this to children giving them choices, encouraging them to be part of a group as they start to become more in control of their bodies. Giving children a safe, clean healthy  environment aids with their physical development ensuring adequate clothing and footwear, a stimulating environment and access to the outdoors and the stimulus that this provides. For babies and young children, sleep and rest is also an important factor to aid heath and well being, as development is rapid in the first 3 years of life. Positive Relationships Every interaction is based on a positive relationship. Children are able to function better and feel safe when they are in a positive, loving relationship with their family. This flows when they make their transition to the child care environment. By involving and accepting the child’s family and working as a team with the child and their family creates a positive environment in which the child can best adapt and develop. Through mutual support of family and practitioner, shows the child we are interested in their feelings, interests and abilities. Whilst still having a professional distance from families, being friendly towards family but not being in a friendship. A parent/practitioner partnership helps to develop systems which can help scaffold children’s individual efforts and independence. Positive communication with parents enable practice that creates stimulating relationships with both the child and the people involved in their family, creating the goal to which the child feels safe, valued and included, where differences are embraced. Enabling Environments ensure that all babies and children in an Early Years Setting have the correct resources to enable the need to develop and learn. Showing parents and carers that the environment meets their child’s individual needs helps to create a positive partnership between parents and professionals. We can do this be ensuring children have stimulating resources available to them, equipment that helps to develop both physical and cognitive development. Providing resources related to the children’s cultures, religions, communities, experiences and achievements. This also helps with practice relating to inclusion, whilst providing other children with learning opportunities they may not experience in their normal everyday life. All learning development outlines that children’s development and learning rate are different. This is especially true when supporting children with disabilities or special educational needs. This is when guidelines need to be followed and care plans are put into place. Children’s learning development needs to be planned for in an EYFS setting. Children must be given the opportunity to explore different subjects made to engage them in their age and stage of understanding, these should be enjoyable but at the same time challenging encouraging children to think critically when involved in their play. This is where Planning, Observation and Assessment cycles come into play. â€Å"Observation involves practitioners observing children to understand their level of achievement, interests and learning styles, and then to shape learning experiences for each child reflecting those observations.† Statutory Framework for the Early Years Foundation Stage – 2012 With children in an EYFS setting early observations are vital to determine how far a child is with their development. It is important to observe a child within the three prime areas. Through these primary observations assessments developed and individual educational plans can be put i nto place to ensure the childs specific needs are met. In order to gain a level of children’s development, we use development statements. These are a list of statements that outline the four stages ok the EYFS framework Including 7 areas of where a child should be in regards to their learning development. They are either working towards or have achieved the early learning goals. This is all age and stage related and helps determine any gaps in observations, as well as the child’s strengths and weaknesses. These EYFS assessments are continuously reviewed by the practitioner who discusses findings with the parent during the prime areas of development which are between the ages of 2 & 3 years. This is then reviewed at the end of the EYFS period which Government deem to be at age 5. During the observations and assessments of the prime areas there are also 4 specific areas that will develop as the child grows. These are literacy, mathematics, understanding the world and expressive arts and design, which are also age and stage related. 2 Summarise the psychological development theories outlined in this course. Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson and Jean Piaget were all theorists who gave ideas regarding children’s development through their years, from developmental stages, cognitive/intellectual stages and milestones. Jean Piaget’s theory is that children develop through 4 stages. The Sensorimotor (0-2 yrs) This is where the child understands the world  through their primary reflexes, looking, sucking, feeling, then as the child develops so do the schemas, Piaget states that this is first found accidently by the child then done purposefully for enjoyment. As the child progresses they do things by trial and error as the child realizes actions have a reaction, for example picking up a rattle then moving it creates noise. Creating a noise may get attention from a care giver. This knowledge is moving from the actual action of movement and reaction to the actual cognitive thought process. Milestone Object Permanence The second stage Preoperational (2-7years) This is the stage where children develop language, and become adept at using symbols which may have many meanings. An example would be a cardboard box becomes a car, a television, a bed anything that the childs imagines it to be through ro le play. A child had not yet developed logic and has an outlook of self-importance. Milestone Egocentrism Stage Three is Concrete Operational (7-11 years) Children now begin to develop a greater understanding of concrete events, they are logical in their thinking but have difficulty when relating to hypothetical events or situations. They realize that their own thoughts and feelings may be different from others thoughts. Children become less egocentric and begin to understand that something may stay in the same quantity even though the appearance has changed. If two pieces of paper are the same length and one length has been scrunched up, children will assume the scrunched is shorter if the Milestone conservation has not been reached. Formal Operational (11+Years) Children begin the ability to think in an abstract manor. They are able to reason things in their heads and conclude possible outcomes. Children are able to think about thinks they may not have experienced and still be able to determine possible endings to scenarios. Milestone, manipulation of ideas. Sigmund Freud’s theories of psychosexual development, describes how personality develops during childhood through the â€Å"id†. This is the source of all psychic energy, making it the primary component of personality. The â€Å"id† is driven by the pleasure principle. Freud’s theory is based on five stages. Oral – (O-1 year) The primary source of a baby’s pleasure is through feeding, the interaction occurs through the mouth and the baby gains pleasure from the carers who is feeding the baby and develops a relationship of trust and comfort with the feeder. Milestone Feeding Anal Stage (1-3years) Freud believed the primary source of libido  was on controlling the bladder and bowel. When a child has developed this control over their body it is believed this sense of achievement and accomplishment leads to independence. Parents who praise positive outcomes lead children to feel capable and productive. Milestone Control over body Phallic Stage (3-6 years) Children develop feeling of jealousy. Freud suggested that boys become jealous of fathers affections towards their mothers. Children as a result of these feelings were also able to understand the fears of punishment. Milestone Jealousy Differences Latent (6 years-puberty) The early part of Latent is where children become interested in their peers, lasting meaningful relationships are formed, they become interested in hobbies and other interests, the later part of Latent is when children develop further relationships, social and communication skills and self confidence. Children tend to more actively pursue activities they are interested in. Milestone Interest in hobbies and others. Genital Stage (puberty-death)Freud suggests that in this last stage, the person develops a sexual interest in the opposite sex. This stage begins at puberty but remains with a person throughout life. Interests in the welfare others should now be established, Freud determined that once all stages have been met the individual should now be an all rounded well balanced individual. Milestone Sexual interests and a well balanced lifestyle. Erik Erikson also theorized upon personality, however, whereas Freud took a sexual approach, physcosexual, Erikson took the â€Å"ego† approach, psychosocial which was all about the â€Å"ego† of the human, rather than the â€Å"id† that Freud discussed. The â€Å"ego† was more about the role of society, culture and conflicts that took place within itself – the devil and angel on your shoulder. Stage 1 Trust vs Mistrust (0-18mth) Babies/young children begin to develop a sense of trust from their primary care givers, if the care is constant, then trust develops. If not then Erikson claimed the child will develop a mistrust even fear and will not have confidence in the world around them. Milestone Feeding Stage 2 Ear ly Childhood (2-3years)Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt. By this stage, children are walking, able to chose (toys, directions to walk in) becoming more independent and developing autonomy. The aim Erikson suggested, was to let the child attempt and try at risk, even though failure may be possible, Erikson said it was better to praise the child for its attempts. â€Å"They must not criticize the child for failures and accidents  (particularly when toilet raining.) The aim has to be â€Å"self control without a loss of self esteem.† (Gross 1993) Milestone toilet training. Stage 3 Preschool (3-5years) Initiative vs Guilt. Children become more social and are interested in developing games, interacting with one another, becoming more assertive. Children become more confident as they become involved more in play and lead others through this. During this time, other children may want to take control, or adults may â€Å"intervene† in some way, children then begin to feel inadequate which leads to a lacking in self initiative and feeling of guilt. Milestone Exploration Stage 4 School Age (6-11years)Industry vs Inferiority This is the most important time for anyone in the teaching profession. Children begin to develop coping skills, they are developing relationships with peers and begin to feel the need to win approval by developing specific competencies that are interesting and noted by society. Children take pride in their accomplishments and are keen to show all in their world their achievements. Erikson suggests at this point, if children are not commended, or no interest is taken by their peers, family or care givers, and criticism is offered instead of praise, then the child may begin to feel inferior and have doubt in their abilities. Some children may just stop being interested in a certain activity. Milestone – School Stage 5 (!2-18years) Identity vs Role Confusion. Erikson suggests this is the age where children/young adults begin to gain t two identities a greater sense of self identity/awareness. They begin to look forward, to plan their futures Erikson â€Å"suggests that two identities are involved: the sexual and the occupational.† McLeod, S.A. (2008.) Children who experience constant negativity and rebuke from peers, trusted professionals (teachers) and family members can lead to a lack in confidence, low self esteem, and failure. 3.. Analyse the factors which affect child development. The factors which play a central role in children’s learning support the transitional process from EYFS into Year 1. â€Å"The characteristics of effective learning run through and underpin all seven areas of learning and development, representing process rather than outcomes.† EYFS Profile Handbook. There are three key characteristics of effective learning. Playing and Exploring, Active Learning and Critical Thinking. These  descriptions need to have a brief description through means of ongoing observations, relevant photographs, discussions with parents and relevant adults and should take into account all relevant information from the setting. The HLTA should encourage children by supporting and encouraging a child’s natural curiosity (Playing and Exploring.) This can be achieved through role play sought from the children’s own interests. By having – creating an excited and well resourced role play area encourages children to engage in play they may not normally choose, and to mix with other children they wouldn’t normally play with. Through providing varied materials children can use imagination and construct their own equipment for use in their play. The HLTA encourages to play through using encouraging praise and being aware of all children engaged in the â€Å"game.† And by giving children a language to think about by maybe first initiating language/vocabulary relevant to the role play. An example would be a shop area HLTA would use vocab. such as cost, money, buy, shop, etc. introduce mathematics through numeracy words. To then reflect with children about their play encouraging them to â€Å"chat,† about what they did, ask questions how, why, where, encourage children to think about what else they could do, improve on, get rid of – what’s good and what’s not, all helps the HLTA support children by trying different strategies, practice problem solving skills, through encouraging praise. We are then able to revisit the role play area, giving children time to explore the area, thinking about what they’ve discussed, encouraging other children to contribute. To encourage children to think critically is to support children in the development of their own ideas, develop their problem solving skills and develop their methodical approach to achieve an outcome. A HLTA could introduce a maths activity to support this. I would set up conversa tions regarding the resources such as weighing scales, and various sized and shaped parcels, some the same size but have a noticeable change in weight. We would have discussions firstly introducing language, heavier ,lighter, large, small, equal, balance. By asking children to chose a parcel they â€Å"think† is heavy (most will pick the largest) and compare that to another parcel introduces different ideas that biggest isn’t always heaviest. Children will enjoy investigating and figuring out. Asking children to compare weight in their hands and through use of the scales will encourage children to think through  the issue, through conversation and discussing mistakes children will able to see visual when using the weiing scales which parcel was actually heavier, asking other children to comment feedback and to â€Å"have a go.† And by supporting and respecting a childs efforts and thinking of new ideas i.e. how can we make it heavier on this side?†¦ I think that be introducing activities encourages children in active learning. It involves being calm at all times and to be able to calm children who may become over excited. Through constructive praise of their progress, achievements and failures. Helping children set new and different goals, encouraging children to watch and learn from other children through praise and encouragement. Teaching children to reflect upon their play, encouraging children to return to games, areas, activities that they may not have accessed for a while. Give children time to explore the activities and allow them to contribute. Through taking photographs of children engaged in an activity, and by returning to discuss the pictures at a later date, reminds the child and encourages them to think and recollect their experiences. Displaying these photos and giving them the child’s voice on either setting walls, or learning journals encourages children to contribute to their environment.

Repentance in Cry, the Beloved country Essay

Through Paton’s use of faith and forgiveness in Cry, the Beloved Country he demonstrates the concept of redemptive value through Kumalo’s suffering and Absalom’s repentance. Kumalo’s suffering makes the reader feel sympathetic because of the sudden, yet constant, uprising conflicts in the storyline. Absalom’s repentance makes the reader feel reflective because they start to consider the moral lessons being taught in the story. Faith and forgiveness are combined to create the redemptive value of suffering, or repentance. The concept of forgiveness in Cry the Beloved Country is very crucial to the plot because Kumalo has many family members that he needs to forgive before he can leave Ndotsheni to go and help them in Johannesburg. When Kumalo’s wife questions him about his well-being he replies angrily, â€Å"Hurting myself? Hurting myself? I do not hurt myself, it is they who are hurting me. My own son, my own sister, my own brother. They go away and do not write anymore. Perhaps it does not seem to them that we suffer. Perhaps they do not care for it. †(39) Here Kumalo comes to the realization of the importance of this trip to Johannesburg, he must go there to find them and forgive them for the suffering they have caused. When he first goes to find his sister, Gertrude, he is angry at her for shaming his family, â€Å"You have shamed us, he says in a low voice, not wishing to make it known to the world. A liquor seller, a prostitute, with a child and you do not know where it is? Your brother a priest? How could you do this to us? † (61) Kumalo becomes angry interrogating her about her sins hoping, possibly knowing, that between the fear, discomfort, and guilt she feels that she will repent and pray to become a better person. In Book two the perspective shifts to James Jarvis, Father of late Arthur Jarvis, James Jarvis doesn’t have any need to necessarily forgive but he does reconcile a bit while finding things around Arthur’s home and talking to Arthur’s father in-law. While speaking to Harrison, Arthur’s father in-law, James mentions â€Å"‘Although his life was different’, he said, ‘you understood it. ’ ‘Yes, James’ ‘I’m sorry I didn’t understand it’ then he said in a whisper, ‘I didn’t know it would ever be so important to understand it. ’†(175) He feels a bit guilty for not attempting to understand his son’s political importance in life and for not knowing all that he had accomplished during his time alive. In order for someone to forgive another you must also make amends with God, which is why faith is important in the novel. Kumalo talked to Father Vincent about amendment of life, â€Å"‘We spoke of amendment of life’, said the white priest. ‘Of the amendment of your son’s life. And because you are a priest, this must matter to you more than all else, more even than your suffering and your wife’s suffering. † (141) When Father Vincent says that he being a priest matters more than his suffering it demonstrates the important of faith. Father Vincent seems to be suggesting that having a member of Kumalo’s congregation commit murder is more devastating than having his son commit murder. As previously mentioned faith is more important and in this way Kumalo must grieve over the loss of his son and the loss of a member of his congregation. Courage, faith, and hope are all very closely related as courage and hope are commonly religious principle. Knowing the important of faith and forgiveness in Cry, the Beloved Country , after all has been said and done, Absalom is sentenced to death, â€Å"Still kneeling, the father took his son’s hands, and they were not lifeless any more, but clung to his, seeking some comfort, some assurance. And the old man held them more strongly, and said again, ‘be of good courage, my son. ’†(241) Kumalo gives Absalom this simple statement and soon after leaves him to go home and return to Ndotsheni. The first part of the quote, â€Å"and they were not lifeless anymore† is very important because he has transformed from this lifeless criminal into a guilty caring son through faith. Absalom had in fact repented for his crime and can die a forgiven man. The redemptive value of suffering is â€Å"the belief that human suffering, when accepted and offered up in union with the Passion of Jesus, can remit the just punishment for one’s sins or for the sins of another. †(ww. thedefender. org) repentance is equal to this which is mentioned several times through the trial of Absalom Kumalo. The trial is a frustration to the reader because of the honesty of Absalom, â€Å"‘There is no lie in it, for I said to myself, I shall not lie any more, all the rest of my day, nor do anything that is evil. ’ ‘In fact you repented? ’ ‘Yes, I repented. ’†(199) Absalom told the truth and committed a crime out of fear, which brings into question how did he deserve the punishment he was given? He was sentenced to be hung until death, even though this wasn’t ideal, he died with faith, and repentance, and a new family. His moment of true repentance appears to be when he chooses to name his child Peter, this is biblical symbolism for the story of King David, his son was named Absalom and he rebelled against his father. Absalom, soon repented by naming his child Peter, the disciple that denied knowing Jesus. Kumalo knows that Absalom can repent when father Vincent says, â€Å"‘A man may repent him of any evil. ’†(141)This is assuring to Kumalo as now he knows that if his son tries he will be forgiven by God which gives Kumalo peace within. Alan Paton successfully demonstrated the concept of repentance through faith and forgiveness and caused the reader to feel sympathetic and reflective. Paton creates the effect on the reader through Kumalo’s suffering and Absalom’s repentance. The element of repentance is very important to faith and to the story line. Absalom’s repentance is what helps his father and himself deal with the grave sentence of death. Kumalo returns before Absalom’s hanging and continues to live life and move on with the new members of the family.

Ethics in Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ethics in Business - Assignment Example Discussion A utilitarian approach holds that the morally right course of action is the one that produces the greatest balance of benefits over harms in any situation for everyone affected. Utilitarianism aims at producing benefits regardless of whether they were arrived at by lies, coercion or manipulation. This approach argues that; individuals ought to do whatever produces more total happiness than doing anything else would. This means that the morally right action is the one that will most likely maximize utility. ‘The highest good is the good will.’ This is the Kantian approach argument which states that to act from a good will is to act from duty. An action is made good by the intentions behind it rather than the consequences. Motives of self-interest cannot contaminate truly moral actions since an action is truly moral only if it is morally motivated. The major assumption of this approach is that actions that enhance the bottom line are acts of self-interest (this is well illustrated from Hugo’s case). Aristotle and other Greek philosophers came up with the Justice/ Fairness Approach to ethics which states that; ‘equals should be treated equally and un equals unequally’. ... The seven step decision making model is useful in making better decisions. Every decision making model applied begin with identifying the problem that requires a decision making process to be established. The seven step decision making model, developed by Rick Roberts, is detail oriented and it is preferred to have as much knowledge as possible concerning the decision. Hugo, an assistant brand manager for a floor cleaning system, has for a long time been disturbed by the marketing practices in the company that promulgate the physical attractiveness phenomenon. From Hugo’s case, there are various ethical issues that require a decision making process be established and the possible courses of action undertaken. The ethical issues that this case presents are clear. Identifying these ethical issues being the first step of the decision making process, this case is a clear indication of favouritism and discrimination according to the justice approach to decision making. The marketin g practices used in this case promulgate the physical attractiveness phenomenon. Appearance of the company’s products is being depicted through physical attractiveness to serve as an informational cue from which extensive information of the products is inferred. This triggers assumptions causing powerful effects that are beneficial for individuals whose appearance is higher in physical attractiveness and detrimental for individuals whose appearance is lower in physical attractiveness. According to the utilitarian approach, this course of action produces maximum benefits for the company at large. This case continues to argue that it is financially advantageous to use physically

Critically discuss why Knowledge of the prevailing conditions in the Essay

Critically discuss why Knowledge of the prevailing conditions in the labour market is fundamental to the Human Resource Plann - Essay Example Human resource planning involves identifying the forecasts of labour demand and labour supply in the market. Some of the techniques that can be utilized in forecasting the labour requirement in the organisation include sales projections, managerial estimates, simulations and analysis of employee turnover in the organisation (Briscoe 2008). The human resource managers can utilize succession charts, labour market analysis, personnel ratios and skills inventories in forecasting the labour availability (Reddy 2005). This process is geared at ensuring that there is an adequate number of qualified persons at all the time to perform the jobs that aim at meeting the organisational objectives. Kleynhans asserts that â€Å"human resource planning is depended on the labour market outlook† (2006 p 69). Organisations are currently monitoring the skills in the labour market, the skills shortage and changing trends (Briscoe 2008). Some of the objective of human resource planning process is t o ensure there is enough manpower and proper utilization of manpower in the organisation (Dawra 2003). The process should forecast the future requirements of the human resources at all skills levels in the organisation and access the shortage or surplus at different periods. Another objective is to analyze the impact of changing work processes and technology on the human resource requirements and maximize the return on investment in the people resources. Since employees retire, resign or die, human resource planning process helps the organisation deal with employee turnover and meets both short term and long term people requirements in the organisation (Pattanayak 2005). Some factors that influence the process include the organisational business strategies, growth cycles, and time horizons, quality of human requirement forecasting information, environmental uncertainties and the nature of jobs in the organisation. Human resource planning will anticipate the redundancies, the recruit ment levels and determine the training needs in the organisation (Dawra 2003). Some commonly used methods of labour requirement forecasting include managerial judgments, work study methods, ratio-trend analysis and mathematical models (Reddy 2005). Labour supply in the organisation can be either internal or external. Internal sources of labour supply include promotions, job rotations and training the existing employees on new roles. External sources include the external labour market whereby employees can be employed from educational institutions, referrals and outsourcing (Pattanayak, 2005). Reviewing the human resource audits and making future projections can be utilized to understand the internal human resource supply (Reddy 2005). The internal human resource requirements can be affected by temporal absences, turnovers such as dismissals and resignations and also permanent absences such as death, retirements and disability (Mathis and Jackson, 2012). The simplest method of foreca sting the future human resource supply is the trend analysis that assumes that ratios of employee turnover and movements will be stable in the future. The labour patterns include retirement patterns and hiring patterns that assume the same patterns will remain stable and thus predict the future manpower requirements of the organisation. Another model of forecasting the